We consider that the 113 taxa listed in bold and without square brackets “ []” either do or did form populations in Switzerland, even if only scant information is available for many of them. We also consider as native several species from other parts of the world (alien species) that maintain (or maintained) continuous populations in Switzerland for several years, including strictly synanthropic species. These species are (or were) established in Switzerland and are (or were) part of its resident fauna.

On the other hand, the 15 species listed in square brackets “ []” should not be considered as belonging to the Swiss fauna, until new data show otherwise. In this category, we placed species whose individuals come from problematic collections, as Charles Maerky’s or Max Täschler’s (Monnerat et al. 2015a), those that were erroneously mentioned for Switzerland due to incorrect identifications and those cited in old publications, like Stierlin and Gautard (1867), without reference to specific individuals and consequently considered as doubtful. Other species may eventually be found in the Swiss territory, but currently available data are not sufficient to confirm their establishment in Switzerland.

To facilitate the species’ search in this document, taxa appear in alphabetical order for subfamilies, tribes, genera, subgenera, species and subspecies.

All collected information represent 42’836 occurrences within the concerned subfamilies. Updated distribution maps of these species are available on the info fauna – CSCF cartographic server (http://lepus.unine.ch/carto/). All the valid data are also available in http://www.GBIF.org (https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.tryac2).

C1) [Pagiocerus frontalis] (Fabricius, 1801)

Examined material. ^6,8)? ex., Stadt Zürich, 2.XII.1996, leg. & coll. Anonymous, SPZH.

Published data. ^6,8)“Vorratsschädling an Mais in Zürich im Jahr 1996, Beratungsfall der Beratungsstelle Schädlingsbekämpfung, Zürich” (Germann 2010a).

Comment. As shown by Germann (2010a) and confirmed by Beat Forster (pers. comm.), P. frontalis was introduced in 1996 in Switzerland by a tourist in possession of ornamental corn seeds from Peru, but the population was eradicated. The species is not established in Switzerland.

C2) Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch, 1858)

Examined material. 1 ex., Buchenegg-Passhöhe, Müsli, 3.V.1984, leg. & coll. Hirschheydt J.; 1 ex., Therwil Umg. BL, 12.V.1984, leg. Studer M., MHNG; 1 ex., Jura BE, Burg, VI.1984, leg. Toumayeff G., MHNG; 2 ex., Genève, Chancy, Vers Vaux, 6.VI.1987, 14.VI.1988, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 2 ex., Rickenbach SO, 2.–9.VI.1994, 4.–11.V.1995, leg. WSL; ? ex., Thayngen SH, 2.XII.1996, leg. & coll. Anonymous, SPZH; 6 ex., Habsburg AG, 1.–8.V.2015, 8.–15.V.2015, 29.V.–5.VI.2001, 10.–17.VII.2001, 8.–15.VIII.2001, leg. WSL; 14 ex., Rapperswil-Jona SG, 7.V.2015, 28.V.2015, 18.VI.2015, 7.VII.2015, 20.VIII.2015, leg. Huber B., det. Büche B.; 4 ex., Oberentfelden AG, 27.V.2015, 8.VII.2015, 22.VII.2015, leg. Moser S., det. Bense U.

Published data. 1 ex., Buchenegg-Passhöhe, Müsli, 3.–10.V.1984, leg. Hirschheydt J.; ? ex., Burg/Leymental BE, leg. Toumayeff G.; 1 ex., Bois de Vers Vaux bei Chancy GE, 16.VI.1987, leg. Besuchet C.; 1 ex., Bois de Vers Vaux bei Chancy GE, 14.VI.1988, leg. Besuchet C. (Hirschheydt 1992); Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This invasive species, native to the United States and Canada, was first found in northern Switzerland in 1984 but was not reported by Bovey (1987). Since these first records, it has been found several times, in the north of Switzerland and once in the Geneva region, under the bark of pine trees. Developing on various conifers (Pinus spp., Abies alba, Larix decidua), this species would likely be able to colonize the remaining regions of the country in the future. Bovey (1987) warned of the serious damages that G. materiarius could cause to Swiss forests, but so far, no major problems caused by this species have been reported.

C3) Pityophthorus buyssoni buyssoni Reitter, 1901

Fig. 1A

Examined material. 1 ex., Vaud, La Rippe, 3.VI.1979, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., s/Trétien VS, VII.1980, leg. Toumayeff G., MHNG.

Published data. ²⁾3 ex., Derborence by Conthey, VIII.1949 by Besuchet C. (Linder 1953); Switzerland (Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. P. buyssoni buyssoni is considered as Swiss species on the basis of two specimens captured in the south of the country. The species is sparsely distributed in the Palearctic region (Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy and Spain) and develops on pine trees, as it was the case for the individual from “La Rippe”, found on a Pinus sylvestris twig. The specimens cited by Linder (1953) were in fact Pityophthorus glabratus, as previously shown by Bovey (1987). Bovey (1987) and Germann (2010a) did not consider this species as Swiss despite the presence of two valid specimens in museum collections.

C4) Pityophthorus carniolicus Wichmann, 1910

Examined material. 1 ex., Tessin, Mte. Generoso, 9.VI.1962, leg. Besuchet C., det. Bovey P., MHNG; 1 ex., Tessin, Generoso, 26.V.1982, leg. Besuchet C., det. Bovey P., MHNG; 1 ex., Pura TI, 3.–10.IV.2007, leg. WSL.

Published data. 1 ex., Monte Generoso TI, 9.VI.1962, 1700m, and 26.V.1982, 1680m by Besuchet C., MHNG (Bovey 1976); Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species, distributed in Austria, Croatia, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, is considered Swiss based on three specimens collected in Tessin. Developing mainly on pines (Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris), its range in Switzerland is probably wider and specific exploratory research should be undertaken to better evaluate its distribution (Faccoli and Battisti 2011).

C5) Pityophthorus exsculptus (Ratzeburg, 1837)

Examined material. 1 ex., Wangs, Pizol, 13.VII.1958, leg. Anonymous, coll. Spälti A., MHNG; 66 ex., Thurgovie, Kesswil, 10.IV.1982, 17.I.1983, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 34 ex., Thurg., Kesswil, VI.1983, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 9 ex., Kesswil, 17.I.1983, leg. Besuchet C., coll. Scherler P. & coll. Bovey P., NMBE & MZL; 1 ex., Wengi BE, 2.–9.VII.1987, leg. WSL, det. Klausnitzer B.; 1 ex., Ruppoldsried, 25.VI.-2.VII.1987, leg. WSL, det. Klaunitzer B.; 2 ex., Glaris, Ennenda, III.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG.

Published data. Kesswil TG, 10.IV.1982 and VI.1982 by Besuchet C. (Bovey 1987); Switzerland (Germann 2010a, Knížek 2011a, Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species, which develops exclusively in branches on standing moribund spruce trees (Picea abies) and pine trees (Pinus spp.) (Balachowsky 1949), is only known from Central Europe. In Switzerland, only scant data attest to its presence, all records dating back more than 20 years from branches of Picea abies.

C6) [Pityophthorus micrographus micrographus] (Linnaeus, 1758)

Published data. ¹⁾Basel by Imhof L., ¹⁾Genf [Geneva] by Chevrier F. and ¹⁾Kant. Zürich by Fuesslin J. C. (Stierlin and Gautard 1867); ¹⁾Lausanne by Bugnion E. (Favre 1890); ¹⁾Chiasso by Fontana P. (Fontana 1947); ¹⁾Frauenfeld, Burgerholz by Hugentobler H. (Hugentobler 1966); ¹⁾Switzerland (Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. No specimen was found in the examined collections to support citations in the literature. Thus, P. micrographus micrographus is not considered a native species at present. This species, which develops on Picea obovata Ledeb., P. abies and Abies sibirica Ledeb., is widely distributed in Europe but relatively rare. As its preferred host plants are abundant in Switzerland, it may be discovered here in the future.

C7) [Scolytogenes jalappae] Letzner, 1849

Published data. ²⁾Chiasso by Fontana P. (Fontana 1947).

Comment. Reported from Chiasso by Fontana P. (1947), the only specimen found in his collection in the MSNL under Pityophthorus jalappae belongs in reality to the family Ciidae! Scolytogenes jalappae, a species widespread in America, is not present in Switzerland, although it was imported several times to Europe.

C8) Trypophloeus binodulus (Ratzeburg, 1837)

Examined material. 4 ex., Bicoque [Préverenges VD], 3.VII.1949, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 60 ex., Vaud, Agiez, 7.VII.1949, 8.VII.1949, 9.VII.1949, III.1950, 25.V.1950, 5.II.1951, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Agiez s/Orbe, 10.VIII.1949, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 44 ex., Vaud, Aigle, 27.IX.1953, IX.1954, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 12 ex., Genève, Jussy, 19.VI.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 20 ex., Genève, Chancy, 2.VII.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Valais, Forêt de Finges, 1.VIII.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 14 ex., Tessin, Is. Brissago, 10.VII.1976, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 12 ex., Genève, Mategnin, 4.VII.1984, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, Onex, 7.VIII.1992, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 57 ex., Vaud, Onnens-Lac, 14.VII.1993, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 2 ex., Genève, Corsier-Port, VI.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 10 ex., Vaud, Bursinel, 25.VIII.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG.

Published data. Orbe, VI.1949, V.1950, leg. Besuchet C. (under T. asperatus) (Linder 1953); many data in Switzerland under T. asperatus (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Bovey 1987); ¹⁾Bassecourt (JU) (under Cryphalus abietis) and ¹⁾TG (under T. asperatus spiculatus) (Meier et al. 1995); 1 ex., Aigle VD, 27.IX.1953, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG and 1 ex., Pfynwald VS, 1.VIII.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG (under T. asperatus asperatus (Gyllenhal, 1813), T. asperatus grothi Hagedorn, 1904 and T. asperatus spiculatus Eggers, 1927) (Germann 2010a); 1 ex., Aigle VD, 27.IX.1953, leg. Besuchet C., 2 ex., Isola Brissago TI, VII.1976, leg. Besuchet C. and 1 ex., Pfynwald VS, leg. Besuchet C. (under T. asperatus grothi Hagedorn, 1904) (Germann 2010b); Switzerland (Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species, widely cited in the literature under different subspecies of T. asperatus, is considered Swiss on the basis of several specimens collected from different localities. All were collected by Besuchet C. under the bark of different species of Populus, which is the only genus of host plant known for this species.

C9) [Trypophloeus granulatus] (Ratzeburg, 1837)

Published data. ²⁾7 ex., Arnex VD, 25.VI.1950 and ²⁾1 ex., Finges VS, 1.VIII.1974 by Besuchet C. (Bovey 1987); ¹⁾Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species was first cited by Bovey (1987) on the basis of seven specimens collected by Besuchet C. in the Valais and in Vaud. After a careful examination of Swiss collections, we found a serie of specimens of T. binodulus bearing identical labels to those records reported in Bovey (1987) for T. granulatus. The misidentification of T. binodulus for T. granulatus is thus likely. Trypophloeus granulatus, a species known from central and southern Europe and developing on poplars, is not considered as indigenous in Switzerland at the moment. Known from all neighboring countries, we consider that it has the potential to expand its distribution into Switzerland.

C10) Trypophloeus rybinskii rybinskii Reitter, 1895

Examined material. 2 ex., Val Müstair, Fuldera, 17.VII.2018, leg. Huber B., det. Büche B., BNM; 1 ex., Val Müstair, Sta. Maria, Aue, 21.VIII.2018, leg. Huber B., det. Büche B.

Comment. Trypophloeus rybinskii, a species widely distributed in central Europe, is considered as Swiss on the basis of three specimens found in Graubünden in 2018, using flight and beer traps. It develops on different species of Salix and Populus.

C11) Crypturgus subcribrosus Eggers, 1933

Examined material. 4 ex., Genève, B. Merdisel, 17.VIII.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 15 ex., Kt. Bern, Burgdorf Meienm., 21.II.1980, leg. Kiener S., MHNG; 11 ex., Genève, Avully, 10.V.1993, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 7 ex., Wynigen, Riederenwald BE, 15.XII.1993, leg. & coll. Kobel E., NMBE. Published data: Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. In agreement with Jordal and Knížek (2007), we consider C. subcribrosus as a valid species, separated from C. cinereus. This species, distributed in north-eastern Europe and also present in France (Dodelin B. and Soldati F. pers. comm.), has been found only a few times in Switzerland, always under the bark of spruces (Picea spp.). It is possible that other Swiss specimens attributed to C. cinereus may turn out to be C. subcribrosus and therefore all specimens should be revised. Bovey (1987) did not consider the species as resident.

C12) [Coccotrypes dactyliperda] (Fabricius, 1801)

Examined material. ^3,4,6,8)3 ex., Genève, coll. Maerky C., MHNG; ^3,4,6,8)1 ex., Genève, coll. Maerky C., ex coll. Melly A., MHNG; ^3,4,6,8)1 ex., Genf [Geneva], coll. Linder-Hebeisen A., ex coll. Täschler M., ETH; ^4,6,8)2 ex., Schaffhausen, leg. Stierlin G., det. Bovey P., Deutsches Entomologisches Institut; ^4,6,8)9 ex., Zürich ZH, III.1977, leg. & coll. Bovey P., MHNG & MZL.

Published data. ^1,4,6,8)Genf [Geneva] by Chevrier F. and ^1,4,6,8)Genf [Geneva] by Tournier H. (Stierlin and Gautard 1867); ^1,4,6,8)Schaffhausen, in Magazinen der Früchtenhändler (Stierlin 1898); ^1,6,8)4 ex., Genève and Zürich, EPFZ Institut de sylviculture, graines de Phoenix dactylifera, 1977 by Marcet (Bovey 1987); ^1,6,8)Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species, developing on palm fruits from Phoenix dactylifera (Linnaeus, 1753) and Chamaerops humilis (Linnaeus, 1753), is native to central and western Mediterranean areas only but is regularly imported to the rest of Europe. In Switzerland, it is only known from specimens housed in a problematic collection (Maerky C.) that should not be taken in account, or from three different attested importations: in Schaffhausen in a fruits market, and in Geneva and Zürich with seeds from P. dactylifera. The species does not develop in the wild in Switzerland and is thus not considered as a resident, even if many palms grow in cities.

C13) [Dactylotrypes longicollis] (Wollaston, 1864)

Examined material. ^6,8)44 ex., Kt. Bern, Thun, 20.I.1983, leg. Marggi W., coll. Kiener S., coll. Bovey P., coll. Scherler P., MHNG, MZL & NMBE.

Published data. ^6,8)Thoune BE, graines de Palmier, I.1983 by Marggi W. (Bovey 1987); ^6,8)Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Several specimens were found in Thun in 1983, all hatched from palm seeds. Dactylotrypes longicollis, indigenous to the Canary Islands and Madeira, was introduced several times to Europe (Croatia, southern France, Italy, Malta, Slovakia, mainland Spain). The species develops in seeds of different species of date palm (Arecaceae) (Labonte and Takahashi 2012). Even if Bovey (1987) considered this species as part of the Swiss fauna (under Dactylotripes uyttenboogaarti Eggers, 1927), palm trees are not native to Switzerland and no specimens have ever been found in the wild. Therefore, it cannot be considered as belonging to the Swiss fauna.

C14) Dryocoetes himalayensis Strohmeyer, 1908

Examined material. 1 ex., Altdorf, Vogelsang UR, VII.1980, leg. Reser-Rezbanyai L., coll. Knížek M.; 1 ex., Brugg AG, 8.–15.V.2001, leg. WSL; 1 ex., Habsburg AG, 11.–18.VI.2001, leg. WSL; 1 ex., Sarmenstorf AG, 2.–9.VIII.2004, leg. WSL.

Published data. 2 ex., Habsburg AG, 2001, det. M. Knížek “mit Restunsicherheit” (Germann 2010a); Switzerland (Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010, Knížek 2011a, 2011b, Alonso et al. 2017); 3 ex., Schweiz, Kanton Aargau, Oberenfelden, 27.V.–8.VII.2015, leg. Bense U. (Gebhardt and Bense 2016).

Comment. This species was originally described from Kashmir (Strohmeyer 1908) and was first collected in Europe in 1975 in France (Schott 2016). It was collected in Switzerland in 1980 (Knížek 2011b) and found again in 2001 and 2004, each time in the north. The species is now considered established in Europe (Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010). The host plants are unknown in Switzerland because all specimens were captured in flight by interception traps but given what is known about its host plant preference in general, it likely develops on Juglans trees (Foit et al. 2017).

C15) [Lymantor aceris aceris] (Lindemann, 1875)

Published data. ¹⁾Schweiz [Switzerland] (Pfeffer 1995); ¹⁾Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Lymantor aceris aceris is widespread in Europa and develops mostly on different species of maple trees (Acer spp.) but also on buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.) and cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), in symbiosis with fungus. Even though the species was cited in the literature, no specimens supporting its presence in Switzerland were found in the collections examined. However, given its distribution in neighboring countries, particularly in France (Schott and Callot 1994; Dodelin 2014), its presence in Switzerland remains possible.

C16) Taphrorychus siculus (Eggers, 1908)

Fig. 1B

Examined material. 5 ex., Locarno TI, 6.VIII.1950, 10.IX.1950, leg. Besuchet C., det. Pfeffer A., MHNG; 14 ex., Tessin, Arcegno, 8.IX.1953, leg. Besuchet C., det. Pfeffer A., MHNG.

Published data. Südschweiz (Pfeffer 1995); Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Despite its sparse distribution in Europe (only known from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sicily), this very rare species, which breeds on alders (Alnus spp.), is considered as a resident of Switzerland on the basis of several individuals caught in southern Ticino in the 1950s under the bark of alder trees. Since then, it has not been found in the country. T. siculus was not reported by Bovey (1987).

C17) Thamnurgus kaltenbachii (Bach, 1849)

Fig. 1C

Examined material. 1 ex., Generoso, 6.VI., leg. & coll. Fontana P., MSNL; 1 ex., Genève, B. Veyrier, IV.1953, leg. & coll. Toumayeff G., MHNG.

Published data. Generoso and ¹⁾Chiasso by Fontana P. (Fontana 1947); Monte Generoso TI by Fontana P. and Bois de Veyrier GE, III.1953 by Toumayeff G. (Bovey 1987); Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2010).

Comment. Two specimens only, from the south of the country, confirm the presence of this rare species in Switzerland. T. kaltenbachii is limited to Central Europe and his presence in France was also confirmed (Prudhomme J.-C. 2016, Dodelin B. pers. comm.). Within the bark beetles, T. kaltenbachii develops on herbaceous plants only (stems of Lamiaceae in this case), as do other members of the same genus (Mandelshtam et al. 2012).

C18) [Hylastes fallax] Wichmann, 1911

Published data. ^1,8)1 ex., Olten (Wermelinger B. pers. comm. in Germann 2010a); ^1,8)Switzerland (Knížek 2011a). All published data under Hylastes gergeri Eggers, 1911.

Comment. This species was cited from Switzerland on the basis of one specimen supposedly caught in Switzerland in 1994 in the region of Olten. Nevertheless, this species is not considered as part of the Swiss fauna at the present time. The only mentioned specimen is unverifiable and additional data must be gathered to confirm the presence of this species in Switzerland. Hylastes fallax is only known from eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia, eastern Austria and eastern Italy). Its host plants are unknown.

C19) Kissophagus novaki Reitter, 1894

Examined material. 2 ex., Genève, Mategnin, 4.V.1963, 15.V.1968, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Vaud, Roche, 27.VI.1970, leg. & coll. Scherler P., NMBE; 1 ex., Vandoeuvres GE, 27.VI.1974, leg. Besuchet C., Bovey P., MZL; 2 ex., Genève, Vandoeuvres, 27.VI.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, Vernier, 13.III.1976, Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, Genève-Florissant, 12.VI.1987, leg. Steffen J., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, La Laire, 23.VI.1988, leg. Steffen J., MHNG; 1 ex., Valais, s/Fully, 1.IV.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, Corsier-Port, 23.V.1994, Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Martigny, La Bâtiaz, 23.XII.2009, leg. & coll. Germann C.

Published data. 1 ex., Fully VS, 1.IV.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG, 1 ex., Martigny, La Bâtiaz, N571.490/E106.080, 520 m ü. NN, 23.XII.2009, GS Moos, Polsterpflanzen, Grasbulten, leg. & coll. Germann C. (Germann 2010b); Switzerland (Bovey 1987; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species developing on ivy (Hedera helix) is only known in Switzerland from very few records from the south of the country, the most recent in 2009 (Germann 2010b). Kissophagus novaki is widely distributed in Europe, from southern France to the Caucasus.

C20) Pteleobius kraatzii (Eichhoff, 1864)

Examined material. 2 ex., Kt. Genf, Allondon, VI.1954, leg. & coll. Linder-Hebeisen A., ETH; 10 ex., Kt. Genf, Genf [Geneva], VI.1954, leg. & coll. Linder-Hebeisen A., ETH; 7 ex., La London [Allondon], VI.1954, leg. [Besuchet C.], coll. Sermet A., MZL; 8 ex., Genève, Allondon, 24.VI.1954, leg. & coll. Scherler P., NMBE; 54 ex., Genève, London [Allondon], 27.VI.1954, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 3 ex., V. Allondon GE, 27.VI.1954, leg. Scherler P., coll. Allenspach V., NMB; 1 ex., Kt. Genf, Meyrin, VIII.1966, leg. & coll. Linder-Hebeisen A., ETH; 1 ex., Genève, Jussy, 24.V.1968, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 3 ex., Genève, Bois de Jussy, 25.VI.1968, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 15 ex., Jussy GE, 31.VII.1968, leg. Besuchet C., coll. Bovey P., MZL; 1 ex., Genève, Jussy, 31.VII.1968, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 9 ex., Genève, Vandoeuvres, V.1974, leg. Vit S., MHNG; 9 ex., Genève, Jussy, VII.1974, leg. Besuchet C., coll. Bovey P., MZL; 4 ex., Genève, Jussy, 4.VII.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, Corsier-Port, 8.VI.1981, leg. Besuchet C., det. Bovey P., MHNG.

Published data. 60 ex., La Plaine GE, 27.VI.1954, leg. Besuchet C., Scherler P. & Sermet A. (Linder 1968); Switzerland (Bovey 1987; Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species, widely distributed in central and western Europe, has only been found in the Geneva region in Switzerland until now. Most of the specimens were caught on trunks of elm species. Pteleobius kraatzii mainly develops mainly on Ulmus laevis and U. minor.

C21) Pteleobius vittatus (Fabricius, 1792)

Examined material. 7 ex., Castello, leg. & coll. Fontana P., MSNL; 1 ex., Castello, 11.V.1926, leg. & coll. Fontana P., MSNL; 2 ex., Chiasso, 12.IV.1928, 17.V.1928, leg. & coll. Fontana P., MSNL; 18 ex., Genève, La Plaine, X.1958, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, Meyrin, 2.IV.1966, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 6 ex., Kt. Genf, Meyrin, VIII.1968, leg. [Besuchet C.], coll. Linder-Hebeisen A., ETH; 6 ex., Meyrin GE, VIII.1968, leg. Besuchet C., coll. Bovey P., MZL; 6 ex., Genève, Meyrin, VIII.1968, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Bel-Air, Clinique GE, 11.II.1973, MHNG; 16 ex., Genève, Jussy, 19.VI.1973, 5.VI.1974, VII.1974, leg. Besuchet C., coll. Bovey P., MHNG & MZL; 1 ex., Genève, Onex, 30.VI.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 8 ex., Allschwil BL, V.1978, leg. Angst M. E., coll. Bovey P., MZL; 7 ex., Allschwil BL, VII.1978, leg. Angst M., NMB; 1 ex., Valais, Branson, V.1980, leg. Anonymous, MHNG; 1 ex., Habsburg AG, 1.–8.V.2001, leg. WSL; 2 ex., Fully VS, 24.III.2015, 24.III.–16.IV.2015, leg. Chittaro Y., det. Büche B.

Published data. ¹⁾Genf [Geneva] by Chevrier F. and ¹⁾Peney bei Genf [Geneva] by Tournier H. (Stierlin and Gautard 1867); ¹⁾Basel (Sterlin 1898); Chiasso and Castello S. P. [Castello San Pietro] by Fontana P. (Fontana 1947); Switzerland (Bovey 1987; Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Pteleobius vittatus breeds on several species of elm (especially Ulmus minor, U. laevis). In Switzerland, it is mainly known from the south of the country (Geneva, Valais, Ticino) and has almost always been found on elms.

C22) Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius, 1787)

Examined material. 4 ex., Sierre, leg. Favre E., HGSB; ³⁾1 ex., St. Gallen, leg. Anonymous, coll. Täschler M., MHNG; 1 ex., Kt. Bern, Bern, IV.1886, leg. Anonymous, coll. Linder-Hebeisen A., ETH; 1 ex., Avants, 18.V.1901, leg. & coll. Gaud A., MZL; 1 ex., Kt. SZ, Ober-Iberg, VIII.1938, leg. Lautner J., coll. Linder-Hebeisen A., ETH; 1 ex., Mte. Ceneri, 16.V.1951, leg. Anonymous, coll. Spälti A., MHNG; ³⁾2 ex., Alpes, Villars, 2.VII., leg. & coll. Maerky C., MHNG; 23 ex., B. d. Frères [Bois des Frères], 20.X.1874, leg. Anonymous, det. Besuchet C.

Published data. ¹⁾Jura, Vallorbe by Mellet P. (Stierlin and Gautard 1867); ¹⁾Jura, ¹⁾Westschweiz and ¹⁾Wallis (Stierlin 1898); ¹⁾Simplon by Rosset F.-C. (Rosset 1879); ¹⁾Bois de Finge and Sierre by Favre E., ¹⁾Sion by Bugnion E., ¹⁾Genève and ¹⁾Vaud (Favre 1890); Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This pine-associated (Pinus spp.) species is widely distributed in Europe, North Africa and Asia and is considered a pest in many regions (Clare and George 2016). It is, however, only known from a few records in Switzerland. All specimens have been caught under the bark of pine trunks, according to the scant ecological information available.

C23) Hypoborus ficus Erichson, 1836

Examined material. 12 ex., Castello, leg. Fontana P., det. Bovey P., MSNL; ⁸⁾1 ex., Onnens [VD], leg. Anonymous, coll. Sermet A., MZL; 4 ex., Tessin, leg. & coll. Lautner J., NMB; 1 ex., Chiasso, 25.VIII.1928, leg. Fontana P., MSNL; 54 ex., Tessin, Gandria, IV.1943, 3.III.1948, 3.IV.1948, IV.1948, leg. Besuchet C., col. Sermet A., coll. Scherler P. & coll. Linder-Hebeisen A., MZL, MHNG, NMBE, ETH; 1 ex., Dalpe, 17.VI.–2.VII.1957, leg. & coll. Allenspach V., NMB; 20 ex., Dino, 10.–19.VI.1963, leg. & coll. Allenspach V., NMB; 1 ex., 18.VIII.1966, Rancate, leg. Anonymous, coll. Sermet A., MZL; 7 ex., Tessin, Rancate, 7.IX.1966, 18.IX.1966, leg. & coll., Scherler P., NMBE; 121 ex., Tessin, Caviano, 10.VII.1975, VII.1975, leg. Besuchet C., coll. Bovey P. & coll. Scherler P., MHNG, MZL, NMBE; 15 ex., Tessin, s/Rovio, 21.VIII.1975, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 6 ex., S. Nazzaro, IX.1993, leg. & coll. Kutter-Trüb H., MZL; 4 ex., S. Nazzaro, IX.1993, leg. Allenspach V., det. Bovey P., ETH.

Published data. Chiasso, Castello and Chiasso Tannino by Fontana P. (Fontana 1947); Switzerland (Bovey 1987; Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Native to the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands, this monophagous species developing on Ficus carica has been reported many times from the south of Ticino, where most introduced fig trees are concentrated. Since the species has been reported regularly for more than 90 years, we consider it here as established in Switzerland, even if no observations exist since 1993. Furthermore, based on the numerous fig trees in gardens in other parts of Switzerland, continued expansion of H. ficus towards the north can be expected.

C24) [Liparthrum bartschti] Mühl, 1891

Published data. ^2,8)Periv, 17.VII.1919 by Handschin E. (Handschin 1963).

Comment. This species is only known from eastern Europe (east Austria, Slovakia and Hungary) and is not present in Switzerland. The specimen cited in literature was a Polygraphus grandiclava, as already shown by Bovey (1987). Liparthrum bartschti develops on Viscum album growing on Populus spp.

C25) Ips duplicatus (C. R. Sahlberg, 1836)

Examined material. 194 ex., Altstätten SG, 25.IV.2019, 05.VI.2019, 15.VII.2019, leg. WSL, det. Schneider Mathis D.; 5 ex., Gams SG, 25.IV.2019, 15.VII.2019, leg. WSL, det. Schneider Mathis D.; 175 ex., Rüthi SG, 25.IV.2019, 25.VII.2019, leg. WSL, det. Schneider Mathis D.

Published data. ²⁾Craistas, 4.V.1953, ²⁾Il Fuorn, 19.V.1953, ²⁾Sta. Maria, 22.V.1953 and ²⁾Costeras, 20.VI.1953 by Handschin E. (Handschin 1963).

Comment. Bovey (1987) has already shown that the four specimens cited by Handschin (1963) were in fact two individuals of Ips amitinus and two individuals of I. cembrae. Ips duplicatus, originally distributed in northern Europe and Siberia, was previously rare in Central Europe. A recent serious outbreak in Czech Republic is currently colonizing Europe toward the west and the species was discovered in 2017 in Rankweil (Austria), only a few kilometers from the Swiss border (Steyrer 2018). In 2019, numerous specimens were caught in the St. Gall region using pheromone traps (Wermelinger B. pers. comm.). This species is expected to increase its distribution in Switzerland in the next years.

C26) [Orthotomicus erosus] (Wollaston, 1857)

Examined material. ³⁾1 ex., Genève, Vessy, 3.VII., leg. & coll. Maerky C., det. Bovey P., MHNG.

Published data. ²⁾zwischen Derborence und Ardon, VIII.1949 by Besuchet C., det. Balachowsky A. (Linder 1953); ³⁾1 ex., Vessy GE, 1920 by Maerky C., MHNG (Bovey 1987); ³⁾Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. The Mediterranean pine engraver beetle, native to North Africa, Asia and the Pacific, is now well distributed in Europe and North America. It develops on different species of pine (Pinus spp.) and may cause damage in pine forests. Unlike Bovey (1987) and Germann (2010a), we do not consider O. erosus as part of the Swiss fauna because the only examined specimen belongs to a problematic collection that cannot be taken in account. The data cited by Linder (1953) was a misidentification (the specimen in question was in fact O. proximus), as already mentioned by Bovey (1987). However, as O. erosus is known from all neighboring countries (except Germany), its presence in Switzerland remains possible.

C27) [Orthotomicus mannsfeldi] (Wachtl, 1879)

Examined material. ^1,8)1 ex., Habsburg AG, 5.-12.IX.2000, leg. WSL, det. Hölling D.

Published data. ^1,8)1 ex., Habsburg AG, 2000 by WSL (Germann 2010a).

Comment. This species is well distributed in southern Europe and has been reported once from Switzerland. As only one specimen was found despite regular monitoring in the region and because its host plant (Pinus nigra) is not a native species in Switzerland, O. mannsfeldi is not considered as Swiss at the moment. It should be noted that the specimen caught is unfortunatly no longer available for consultation.

C28) [Pityogenes bistridentatus] (Eichhoff, 1878)

Published data. ¹⁾Forêt d’Aletsch, ¹⁾Engadine by Bugnion E. and ¹⁾Grindelwald by Mühl (Favre 1890); ²⁾ S-chanf, 8.VII.1919, ²⁾Val Trupchum, 8.VII.1919 and ²⁾Val dal Botsch, VII.1926 by Handschin E. (Handschin 1963); ¹⁾Switzerland (Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Some Pityogenes spp. conserved in Swiss collections were first identified as P. bistridentatus. However, after examination, it appears that all these specimens were in fact P. conjunctus, as already noted by Bovey (1987), Pfeffer (1995) and Germann (2010a). Therefore, P. bistridentatus is not considered part of the Swiss fauna.

C29) [Pityogenes irkutensis monacensis] A. G. Fuchs, 1911

Published data. ¹⁾Switzerland (Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species, mainly known from eastern Europe and developing on pine (Pinus sylvestris), is not considered a Swiss species at present. Although its presence remains possible in eastern Switzerland, no specimens were found in the examined collections.

C30) [Phloeotribus cristatus] (Fauvel, 1889)

Examined material. ^1,4,8)1 ex., Sierre, Guillebeau F., Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris).

Published data. ^1,4,8)Valais, Sierre (Guillebeau 1893); ^1,4,8)Sierre (Valais) (Bovey 1987); ^1,4,8)Westschweiz (Pfeffer 1995); ^1,4,8)Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. A specimen of P. cristatus supposedly captured in “Sierre (Valais)” at the end of the 19^th century was used to describe a new species (P. helveticus Guillebeau, 1893), later synonymized with P. cristatus by Pfeffer (1995). This taxon is known from northern Spain and the Canary Islands, southern France and Corsica, Italia and Sardinia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, Algeria, Madeira, and Morocco and develops on Spartium junceum, Cytisus scoparius, Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link, C. spinosa (L.) Link, Genista spp. and Lygos spp. Given the scant data available (inaccurate locality without date of capture, absence of collector and the fact that the species was never found again since the first and only capture), the near absence of its host plants in Valais (according to the records of info flora) and the Mediterranean distribution of the species, P. cristatus is not considered Swiss for the moment. However, the species was recently confirmed in northern Italy (Gatti 2011) and therefore has potential for expansion into Switzerland, most likely in Ticino (south of Switzerland).

C31) Polygraphus subopacus C. G. Thomson, 1871

Fig. 1D

Examined material. 1 ex., U. Zürich(berg), 4.III.1932, leg. & coll. Lautner J., MHNG; 5 ex., U. Zürich(berg), 9.IV.1932, leg. & coll. Lautner J., NMB; 1 ex., Domleschg, Realta, 13.V.1940, leg. Wolf J.-P., MHNG; 1 ex., Bern, 29.IX.1949, leg. Bärtschi, NMBE; 1 ex., Ins, Landvirtsch. Schule [Landwirtschaftliche Schule], 11.VIII.1980, leg. Reser-Rezbanyai L., det. Herger P., NMLU.

Published data. ¹⁾Valais and ¹⁾région de Bâle (Balachowsky 1949); Switzerland (Bovey 1987; Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species, well distributed in the northern Europe, is only known from a few confirmed records in Switzerland. According to Pfeffer (1995) and Balachowsky (1949), P. subopacus breeds on several species of spruce (probably P. abies in Switzerland) in the mountains and in peat bogs.

C32) Scolytus carpini (Ratzeburg, 1837)

Examined material. 1 ex., Genève, Onex, 16.VI.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, Frontenex, 1.VI.1980, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Mte San Giorgio TI, 7.VI.1982, leg. & coll. Scherler P., NMBE; 2 ex., Genève, B. de Jussy, 30.VI.1983, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 6 ex., Valais, Eich/Visp, 12.IX.1984, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Arzo TI, 30.VI.1988, leg. & coll. Scherler P., NMBE; 1 ex., Vaud, Bonvillars, La Coudre, 6.VII.1988, leg. Steffen J., MHNG; 1 ex., Cragno TI, 30.VI.1990, leg. & coll. Scherler P., NMBE; 1 ex., Tessin, s/Capolago, 24.VI.1991, leg. & coll. Scherler P., NMBE; 2 ex., Genève, Bois de Jussy, 21.VII.1991, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 14 ex., Hägendorf SO, 30.VI.–7.VII.1994, 7.–14.VII.1994, 14.–21.VII.1994 and 28.VII.–4.VIII.1994, leg. Flückiger P.; 3 ex., Rickenbach SO, 30.VI.–7.VII.1994, 6.–13.VII.1994, leg. Flückiger P.; 6 ex., Wangen bei Olten AG, 30.VI.–7.VII.1994, 7.–14.VII.1994, leg. Flückiger P.; 2 ex., Brissago TI, 28.IV.–5.V.1997, 10.–17.VI.1997, leg., Moretti M.; 1 ex., Locarno TI, 10.–17.VI.1997, leg. Moretti M.; 1 ex., Genève, Champel, 12.VII.1998, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Brugg AG, 28.VI.–5.VII.2004, leg. Wermelinger B.; 1 ex., Pura TI, 29.VI.–6.VII.2004, leg. Moretti M.; 63 ex., Soazza GR, 6.–13.VII.2004, 13.–20.VII.2004, leg. Moretti M.; 3 ex., Tägerwilen TG, 14.IV.2016, 27.VI.2016, leg. & coll. Löderbusch W., det. Bense U.

Published data. ¹⁾Zürich (Stierlin 1898); Switzerland (Bovey 1987; Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species, closely related to S. intricatus but much rarer, is widespread in southern and central Europe. Polyphagous on various broadleaved species (mostly Carpinus spp. and Ostrya carpinifolia but also Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus spp.), S. carpini is widely distributed in Switzerland but rarely found. The Swiss specimens for which ecological data are available were caught from Carpinus betulus and Corylus avellana.

C33) Scolytus ensifer Eichhoff, 1881

Examined material. 1 ex., Meride TI, 27.VI.1987, leg. & coll. Scherler P., NMBE.

Published data. 1 ex. Tessin, Meride, 27.VI.1987, leg. P. Scherler, NMBE (Germann 2009); Switzerland (Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species is considered Swiss on the basis of a single specimen found in southern Ticino more than 30 years ago. It is distributed throughout central Europe, from France to the Caucasus. Scolytus ensifer develops on different species of alder (Ulmus spp.), but also on Prunus spp. (Balachowsky 1949).

C34) Scolytus kirschii kirschii Skalitzky, 1876

Fig. 1E

Examined material. ³⁾1 ex., Bâle, IX.1907, leg. & coll. Gaud A., MHNG; 1 ex., Suisse, Tessin, Lago di Muzzano, 24.VI.1988, leg. & det. Besuchet C., MHNG.

Published data. ¹⁾Schweiz by Fankhäuser F. (Stierlin 1898); 1 ex. (female), Lago di Muzzano TI, 24.VI.1988, leg. & det. Besuchet C., MHNG (Germann 2010b); Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Scolytus kirschii kirschii was first mentioned from Switzerland by Stierlin (1898), on the basis of a single specimen collected by Fankhäuser F., without a precise locality. However, the specimen was not found in the Swiss collections and Bovey (1987) considered it as doubtful. Nevertheless, a single female was caught the following year on an elm in Muzzano and is now deposited in the MHNG collections, which confirms its native status (Germann 2010b). The specimen from “Bâle” belongs to a problematic collection that should not be taken into account. Developing on Ulmus minor mostly, but also in U. laevis and U. glabra, this species is rare in Switzerland, like most of other species developing on elm.

C35) [Scolytus triarmatus] (Eggers, 1912)

Published data. ¹⁾1 ex., Bern, VI.1907, leg. Müller, col. Hane, Bundesgymnasium Bludenz, Vorarlberg, Österreich (Brandstetter and Kapp 1998); ¹⁾Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species was announced as new for Switzerland by Brandstetter and Kapp (1998), on the basis of a single specimen labeled from Bern in 1907 by Müller A. J. and deposited in the collection of Hane K. in Austria. However, we were not able to examine this specimen and the information on the label is so incomplete that it is not possible to consider this species as native to Switzerland at this time. Scolytus triarmatus, a monophagous species developing on Ulmus glabra is present in central and east Europe and therefore has the potential to expand into Switzerland.

C36) Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter, 1913)

Examined material. 3 ex., Genève, Charrot, VI.–VII.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Genève, Avully, VII–VIII.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 4 ex., Genève, Louvière, VII–VIII.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 3 ex., Vaud, Duillier, VII.–VIII.1994, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 3 ex., Genève, B. de Versoix, VI.–VII.1995, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 2 ex., Pura TI, 23.–30.IV.2013, 18.–25.VI.2013, Moretti M.; 112 ex., Rapperswil-Jona SG, 7.V.2015, 28.V.2015, 18.VI.2015, 7.VII.2015, 27.VII.2015, 20.VIII.2015, leg. Huber B., det. Büche B; 8 ex., Oberentfelden AG, 28.IV–5.VIII.2015, leg. Moser S., det. Bense U.; 11 ex., Villigen AG, 28.IV.–5.VIII.2015, leg. Moser S., det. Bense U.; 34 ex., Wittnau AG, 28.IV.–19.VIII.2015, leg. Moser S., det. Bense U.; 1 ex., Balm bei Günsberg SO, 10.IV.–2.V.2018, leg. & coll. Chittaro Y.; 1 ex., Orvin BE, 18.VII–14.VIII.2018, leg. Juillerat L., col. Sanchez A.; 1 ex., Delémont JU, 21.VI.–11.VII.2018, leg. Wermeille E., coll. Sanchez A.; 1 ex., St-Gingolph VS, 31.V.–14.VI.2019, leg. & coll. Chittaro Y.

Published data. “Schweiz, bei Genf [Genève], MHNG”, Pfeffer pers. comm. (under Xyleborus peregrinus Eggers 1944) (Köhler 1992); Switzerland (under Xyleborus punctulatus Kurentzov) (Wittenberg 2006); Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This invasive species, native to South Asia and now present in North America and Europe (especially in Belgium, Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands), is considered as established in Switzerland on the basis of some occurrences in the north and west of the country. It develops on different species of Fagaceae (Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010). The quick expansion of C. bodoanum in Europe allows for the possibility of a similar expansion for Cyclorhipidion fukiense (Eggers, 1941), a species native to south-east Asia, which is already present only about 100 km from the Swiss border (Dodelin B. pers. comm.) and will likely spread to Switzerland as well.

C37) Heteroborips cryptographus (Ratzeburg, 1837)

Fig. 1F

Examined material. 2 ex., Yvonand, 1944, V.1972, col. Sermet A., MZL; 162 ex., Genève, Chancy, 22.VI.1974, 2.VII.1974, 7.VII.1974, 27.VII.1974, VIII.1974, 1.IX.1974, I.1975, 13.VII.1983, leg. Besuchet, coll. Bovey P., MHNG, MZL; 5 ex., Genève, B. de Jussy, 30.VI.1983, leg. Besuchet C., coll. Bovey P., MZL.

Published data. ¹⁾Chiasso by Fontana P. (Fontana 1947); Chancy, 1974 by Besuchet C. (Bovey 1987); Switzerland (Germann 2010a; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Heteroborips cryptographus is widely distributed in Europe but always rare. In Switzerland, the species was only found a few times in the 1970s and 1980s, always under bark or on branches of aspen (Populus tremula), which corresponds to the ecology of this species described in the literature (P. tremula, P. nigra, P. alba).

C38) Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894)

Examined material. 3 ex., Thurg., Kesswil, 27.VII.1986, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG; 1 ex., Frauenfeld, Ochsenfurt, 12.III.1989, leg. & coll. Brägger H.; 1 ex., Rickenbach/SO, Hügert, 6.–13.III.1995, leg. WSL; 1 ex., Rickenbach/SO, Wisshubelallmend, 6.–13.III.1995, leg. WSL; 33 ex., Lostorf, 6.–13.III.1995, 6.–13.IV.1995, 6.–13.IX.1995, 6.–13.X.1995, leg. WSL; 10 ex., Messen, 6.–13.III.2001, 6.–13.IV.2001, 6.–13.III.2004, leg. WSL; 7 ex., Sarmenstorf, 6.–13.III.2004, leg. WSL; 3 ex., Habsburg AG, 6.–13.III.2001, 6.–13.III.2004, leg. WSL; 1 ex., Breil/Brigels GR, 30.III.–18.IV.2015, leg. Chittaro Y., coll. Sanchez A.; 1 ex., Vergelleto TI, 7.IV.2014, leg. & coll. Chittaro Y.

Published data. ²⁾193 ex., Naturschutzgebiet Wildenstein (BL), 2000, leg. Walter T. (Walter et al. 2003); Switzerland (Wittenberg 2006; Germann 2010a; Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species native to eastern Asia and colonizing Europe is considered indigenous to Switzerland on the basis of only a few specimens. The specimens from Kesswil were captured on Fagus sylvatica, while the individuals from Olten were captured using traps. The records from Wildenstein published by Walter et al. (2003) were eventually shown to belong to X. saxesenii. This species was not mentioned by Bovey (1987).

C39) Xyleborus eurygraphus (Ratzeburg, 1837)

Examined material. 6 ex., Irchel, [IX.1933], leg. Lautner J., det. Bovey P.; 1 ex., Crêt du Locle, 30.III.1946, leg. Anonymous, MHNG.

Published data. 6 ex., Zürich-Irchel, IX.1933, col. Lautner J., NMB (Bovey 1987); Switzerland (Germann 2010a, Knížek 2011a, Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. This species occurs from Spain to the Caucasus and North Africa but is always rare in Central Europe (more common in southeastern Europe) (Schedl 1966). Xyleborus eurygraphus, which develops on different species of pine (Pinus spp.), is considered native to Switzerland on the basis of some specimens captured in the north of the country in the 1930s and 1940s. It has therefore not been found for more than 70 years in Switzerland. The specimens from Irchel, supposedly deposited in the NMB, were not found in these collections.

C40) Xyleborus pfeilii (Ratzeburg, 1837)

Examined material. 1 ex., Roulave, VIII.1991, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG.

Published data. ¹⁾Unterwalden (Stierlin 1898); ¹⁾ Switzerland (Bovey 1987; Germann 2010a; Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010; Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Xyleborus pfeilii is an exotic species from east Asia, now also distributed in Eastern Europe. Always rare, this species was only found once in Switzerland. It was, rather surprisingly, discovered in a beer trap placed in an oak tree (Quercus spp.), although the species is known to breed on alder (Alnus spp., A. glutinosa) and aspen (Populus tremula). Since 1991, it has not been found in Switzerland.

C41) Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866)

Examined material. 1 ex., Pura TI, 16.–23.IV.2013, leg. WSL; 1 ex., Caslano TI, 12.VI.2019, leg. WSL, col. A. Sanchez.

Comment. This species, originally distributed in Asia, was introduced many times in the world and was first discovered in Europe in Italy in 2003 (Penacchio et al. 2003) and later in France in 2014 (source OEPP, Organisation européenne et méditerranéenne pour la protection des plantes). Xylosandrus crassiusculus is a polyphagous species developing in many deciduous tree species. Even if it is considered as pest species that could cause serious damages in broadleaved forests (particularly in chestnut trees), only two specimens were found in Switzerland since the first occurrence in 2013.

C42) Trypodendron laeve Eggers, 1939

Examined material. 7 ex., Grisons, Zernez, Ova Spin, 4.VIII.1974, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG.

Published data. 7 ex., Zernez, Ova Spini GR, 4.VIII.1974, 1900 m ü. NN, leg. Besuchet C., MHNG (Germann 2010b); Switzerland (Knížek 2011a; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017).

Comment. Native to southern China, Japan and Korea (Lukášová et al. 2012), T. laeve, which develops on different species of pine, is now also distributed in eastern, central and northern Europe. The status of this species is still unclear in Europe, with some authors considering it indigenous while others consider it an alien (Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010; Lukášová et al. 2012). In Switzerland, only seven individuals were caught on a pine trunk (Pinus mugo) in eastern Graubünden in the 1970s and it has not been found since then. Surprisingly, the specimens were captured in August, which does not correspond with the early phenology reported in the literature (Lukášová et al. 2012; Lukášová and Holuša 2014; Olenici et al. 2018). Even if it is here assumed that T. laeve is established in Switzerland, additional catches, with pheromone traps baited for T. lineatum, would be welcome to confirm this assumption. Trypodendron laeve flies slightly earlier in the summer than T. lineatum but can also be found in late summer (second generation).