Corresponding author: Jean-Luc Gattolliat (
Academic editor: Dávid Murányi
A new species of
The small minnow mayflies (
The European species of
The genus
In the Oriental realm, seven species were assigned to
The knowledge of the diversity of
Herein, we provide the description and illustration of larval stage of a new species of
Larval specimens were collected by using a hand net or picked manually and sorted from the debris and sediments by using D-framed dip net method. This new species was collected for the first time during a survey of aquatic macroinvertebrates in Phetchabun Province and the survey of aquatic macroinvertebrates project of Kanchanaburi Province (Thailand). The additional specimens were collected during the survey of baetid mayflies in Tak and Kamphaengphet Provinces (Table
GPS coordinates of locations of examined specimens.
Species | Provinces | GPS coordinates | Altitudes (m a.s.l.) |
---|---|---|---|
|
Phetchabun |
|
832 |
Tak |
|
405 | |
|
719 | ||
Kamphaengphet |
|
154 | |
Kanchanaburi |
|
660 |
Part of the specimens were dissected and mounted on microscope slides fixed in Euparal, as specified in the material examined sections below. Ethanol-preserved specimens were studied under a Leica M205 stereomicroscope; microscope slides were drawn from a camera lucida on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope and were subsequently scanned for illustration with the Procreate application (iOS application). Photographs of larvae were taken with a Canon EOS 6D camera and edited with Adobe Lightroom (
DNA of part of the specimens was extracted using non-destructive methods allowing subsequent morphological analysis (see details in
The polymerase chain reaction (
Sequenced specimens of
Species | Locality | GenBank Accession Number (GenSeq Nomenclature) |
---|---|---|
|
Kyrgyzstan | |
|
Algeria |
|
|
Israel |
|
|
Armenia | |
|
Sardinia | |
|
Corsica |
|
|
China |
|
|
Spain |
|
Russia |
|
|
|
Phetchabun, Thailand |
|
|
Phetchabun, Thailand |
|
|
Phetchabun, Thailand |
|
|
Tak, Thailand |
|
|
Tak, Thailand |
|
|
Kamphaengphet, Thailand |
|
Left mandible (Fig.
Tibia (Fig.
The larvae of
The sampling sites and habitats of
Distribution map of
The specific epithet of this species,
Sequences of 658 bp, corresponding to a fragment of the
Genetic distances (
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
0.00–0.02 | ||||||||
|
|
0.20 | - | |||||||
|
|
0.21 | 0.21 | - | ||||||
|
|
0.24 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.00 | |||||
|
|
0.21 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.00 | ||||
|
|
0.22 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.25 | - | |||
|
|
0.26 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.01 | ||
|
|
0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.00 | |
|
|
0.22 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.02 |
Comparison of larval morphological characters of
Characters |
|
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sub-rectangular shaped; lateral margin slightly rounded | Sub-rectangular shaped; lateral margin almost straight | Sub-rectangular shaped; lateral margin slightly rounded | Sub-rectangular shaped; lateral margin almost straight |
|
More than five strong setae | More than five strong setae | More than five strong setae | Less than five strong setae (usually 3–4 setae) |
|
11–13 denticles | 8–11 denticles | 9–11 denticles | 7–9 denticles |
|
Uniformly medium brown | Uniformly medium brown in mature female; tergites I–VI light brown and tergites VII–X brown in mature male larvae | Tergites I–VIII uniformly medium brown; IX and X light brown | Uniformly medium brown |
|
Tergite I smooth; tergites II–X with triangular spines along central portion, absent laterally | Tergite I smooth, tergites II–X with triangular spines | ? | Tergite I smooth; tergite II with a few triangular spines mainly in the middle area; tergites III–IX with triangular spines along central portion, absent laterally |
|
Moderately developed | Well-developed tongue-like | Moderately developed | Well-developed |
|
Taiwan | Hong Kong | China mainland | Thailand |
|
|
|
|
This work |
The new described mayfly species from Thailand,
Among the Southeast Asian species,
The new species differs from the other species with seven pairs of gills (
The molecular analysis clearly confirms that
The morphological comparison between species is often challenging by the short inaccurate original description and the poor quality of the illustrations; this remains true also for recently described species such as
Distribution map of
Phylogenetic reconstruction of
According to ecological requirement and the presumed dispersal abilities of
1 | 7 pairs of gills | 2 |
– | 6 pairs of gills | 5 |
2 | Paraproct with a tongue-like prolongation, broader apically than medially |
|
– | Paraproct with a moderately or well-developed prolongation, not tongue-like | 3 |
3 | Abdominal tergites uniformly medium brown | 4 |
– | Abdominal tergites I–VIII uniformly medium brown; tergites IX and X light brown |
|
4 | Tarsal claws with 7–9 denticles | |
– | Tarsal claws with 11–13 denticles |
|
5 | Distal margin of tergite IV with spines; prolongation of paraproct well developed with numerous spines | 6 |
– | Distal margin of tergite IV without spines; prolongation of paraproct moderately developed or well-developed tongue-like projection | 7 |
6 | More than ten strong setae on the dorsal margin of mid tibia; short spine-like setae between prostheca and mola |
|
– | Less than five strong setae on the dorsal margin of mid tibia; long spine-like setae between prostheca and mola |
|
7 | Paraproct with short, slightly acute prolongation (moderately developed); ventral margin of fore femora with robust, simple setae |
|
– | Paraproct with well-developed tongue-like prolongation; ventral margin of fore femora without setae |
|
* Based on the original description and illustration.
The research was funded by a Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST) and Research and Graduate Studies Khon Kaen University. We are thankful to our colleagues for kind support throughout field trips. We are very grateful to the Graduate School of Khon Kaen University for providing a grant to come to the Museum of Zoology, Lausanne (
This research has been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Khon Kaen University, based on the Ethic of Animal Experimentation of National Research Council of Thailand (Record No. IACUC-KKU-65/63) for collecting mayfly specimens.