Corresponding author: Peter Huemer (
Academic editor: Bernard Landry
The taxonomy of the Palaearctic
With about 865 species the
Generic descriptions of
The study is based on about 200 specimens of the
DNA barcode sequences are based on a 658 base-pair long segment of the mitochondrial
Photographs of the adults were taken with an Olympus SZX 10 binocular microscope and an Olympus E 3 digital camera and treated using the software Helicon Focus 4.3, Adobe Photoshop CS4, and Lightroom 2.3 softwares. Genitalia photographs were taken with an Olympus E1 Digital Camera through an Olympus BH2 microscope.
Successfully sequenced specimens originate mainly from Europe, with a few exceptions of Asian vouchers (Fig.
Sequences of the
Distribution map of successfully sequenced material of the
Neighbor-Joining tree of species in the
Intraspecific mean K2P (Kimura 2 Parameter) divergences, maximum pairwise distances, nearest species, nearest neighbor and distance to nearest neighbor.
Species | Mean Intra-Sp | Max Intra-Sp | Nearest Species | Nearest Neighbor | Distance to NN % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0.58 | 1.25 |
|
LEASU048-18 | 2.35 |
|
N/A | 0 |
|
LECRT124-16 | 3.25 |
|
0.52 | 1.1 |
|
LEAST641-17 | 3.33 |
|
0.31 | 0.46 |
|
LECRT124-16 | 3.15 |
|
0.62 | 1.44 |
|
PHLSA085-11 | 3.43 |
|
0.87 | 1.71 |
|
LEFIJ779-10 | 2.35 |
|
0.77 | 0.77 |
|
LEATF082-14 | 3.3 |
The
Larvae of the
The key is only based on male genitalia structures. Adults and female genitalia are inseparable in some species.
1 | Valva with shortly pointed dorso-apical process, 1/5 to 1/8 length of sacculus (Figs |
2 |
– | Valva with long and acute dorso-apical process, 1/3 to 2/3 length of sacculus (Figs |
4 |
2 | Dorsal edge of valva with distinct sub-apical hump (Figs |
|
– | Dorsal edge of valva weakly concave, without sub-apical hump (Figs |
3 |
3 | Dorso-apical process of valva basally broad; sacculus slender, about one-third width of valva (Figs |
|
– | Dorso-apical process of valva narrow; sacculus broad, about half width of valva (Figs |
|
4 | Dorso-apical process of valva longer than ventro-apical process, slender, valva with nearly straight outer edge sub-apically; posterior margin of vinculu with pair of short digitate processes (Figs |
5 |
– | Dorso-apical process of valva shorter than ventro-apical process, slender with distinctly broader base, valva with weakly concave outer edge subapically; posterior margin of vinculum with pair of long digitate processes (Figs |
6 |
5 | Sacculus slender, 4 times longer than maximum width; medial process of vinculum moderately short, extending to posterior third of lateral process (Figs |
|
– | Sacculus very slender, about 5 times longer than maximum width; medial process of vinculum short, extending to middle of lateral process (Figs |
|
6 | Valva broad, distally weakly dilated; latero-medial processes of the vinculum hump-like, broader than long (Figs |
|
– | Valva moderately slender, with parallel outer edges; latero-medial processes of the vinculum digitate, distinctly longer than broad (Figs |
|
Georgia: 1 ♂, Tbilisi, slopes S of, 600 m, 26 Aug. 1989, leg. Karisch, DNA Barcode
Adults.
Adults.
Adult (Fig.
Specimens from Turkey frequently exhibit a darker head and thorax (
(Figs
(Figs
BIN:
(Fig.
Host-plant and early stages are unknown, but it is suspected that the larva feeds on
Andorra: 1 ♀, La Massana, 2 Jun. 2002 e.l. (
Male genitalia.
Male genitalia.
Adult (Fig.
Weak variation in the extent of the white markings.
(Figs
(Figs
BIN:
(Fig.
The larva has been recorded in May and June feeding on
Austria: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Tirol, Zams, Steinseehüttenweg, 1000 m, 17 Sep. 1987, leg. Huemer; 1 ♂, Tirol, Vennatal, 1500 m, e.l. 2.viii.l956 (
Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex).
Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex).
Female genitalia.
Adult (Figs
The extension of white markings of the forewings varies considerably.
(Figs
(Figs
BIN:
(Fig.
The larva has been recorded feeding within shoots of
Sweden: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Sk., Tyngsjö, 4 Sep. l957, 24 Jul. 1965, leg. Svensson (
Female genitalia.
Female genitalia.
Adult (Figs
Specimens from Macedonia are larger (6.0 mm) and together with parts of Russian material exhibit some light mottling on the thorax and extended cream-white mottling of the forewing, particularly the dorsal area.
(Figs
(Figs
BIN:
(Fig.
The larva has been recorded in May, feeding in the stem of
Female genitalia (segment VIII).
Female genitalia (segment VIII).
Adult (Fig.
In the limited available material, the extent of rusty-brown mottling shows some variation.
(Figs
(Figs
BIN:
The species is named in honour of Reinhold Messner, the first climber to ascend all fourteen peaks above 8000 metres sea level and living in the neighborhood of the type locality of the new species.
(Fig.
Host-plant and early stages are undescribed but it seems most likely that the species shows a similar behaviour as related taxa with a hostplant restriction to
Female genitalia (signum).
Female genitalia (signum).
Adult (Figs
The extension of light mottling of the forewing varies slightly.
(Figs
(Figs
BIN:
The species is named in honour of David Lama (1990–2019), one of the most famous Austrian alpinists, who was tragically killed by an avalanche in Banff National Park (Canada) on the 1st of April 2019. David supported earlier work on landscape conservation in Tyrol with enthusiasm.
The species is currently only known from a restricted area in northern Italy (region of Piedmont) and France (Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence).
Host plant and early stages are unknown but it seems most likely that the species shows a similar behaviour as related taxa with a hostplant restriction to
Adult (Fig.
The extension of white marking on the forewing varies considerably and particularly worn specimens look paler.
(Figs
(Figs
BIN:
The species is named in honour of Peter Habeler who, along with Reinhold Messner, completed the first solo ascent of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen. Along with the author, Peter is currently involved in the “Blühendes Österreich” conservation foundation. Incidentally, his cousin Heinz Habeler (1933–2017) acquired one of the largest collection of
The species is currently only known from widely separated localities, ranging from the French Pyrenees to south-eastern Bavaria.
Host-plant and early stages are undescribed but it seems most likely that the species shows a similar behaviour as related taxa with a hostplant restriction to
The
In addition, DNA barcode distances are also an important tool for recognizing possible cryptic diversity. The basic taxonomic structure of the
Habitat of
The author is grateful Paul D.N. Hebert and the entire team at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (Guelph, Canada), whose sequencing work was enabled by funding from Genome Canada through Ontario Genomics, and to the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation and NSERC for their support of the